In 1961, Stanislaw Rozewicz created the novella film "Birth Certificate" in cooperation with his brother, Taduesz Rozewicz as screenwriter. Such brother tandems are rare in the history of film but aside from family ties, Stanislaw (born in 1924) and Taduesz (born in 1921) were mutually bound by their love for the cinema. They were born and grew up in Radomsk, a small town which had "its madmen and its saints" and most importanly, the "Kinema" cinema, as Stanislaw recalls: for him cinema is "heaven, the whole world, enchantment". Tadeusz says he considers cinema both a charming market stall and a mysterious temple. "All this savage land has always attracted and fascinated me," he says. "I am devoured by cinema and I devour cinema; I'm a cinema eater." But Taduesz Rozewicz, an eminent writer, admits this unique form of cooperation was a problem to him: "It is the presence of the other person not only in the process of writing, but at its very core, which is inserperable for me from absolute solitude." Some scenes the brothers wrote together; others were created by the writer himself, following discussions with the director. But from the perspective of time, it is "Birth Certificate", rather than "Echo" or "The Wicked Gate", that Taduesz describes as his most intimate film. This is understandable. The tradgey from September 1939 in Poland was for the Rozewicz brothers their personal "birth certificate". When working on the film, the director said "This time it is all about shaking off, getting rid of the psychological burden which the war was for all of us. ... Cooperation with my brother was in this case easier, as we share many war memories. We wanted to show to adult viewers a picture of war as seen by a child. ... In reality, it is the adults who created the real world of massacres. Children beheld the horrors coming back to life, exhumed from underneath the ground, overwhelming the earth."
The principle of composition of "Birth Certificate" is not obvious. When watching a novella film, we tend to think in terms of traditional theatre. We expect that a miniature story will finish with a sharp point; the three film novellas in Rozewicz's work lack this feature. We do not know what will be happen to the boy making his alone through the forest towards the end of "On the Road". We do not know whether in "Letter from the Camp", the help offered by the small heroes to a Soviet prisoner will rescue him from the unknown fate of his compatriots. The fate of the Jewish girl from "Drop of Blood" is also unclear. Will she keep her new impersonation as "Marysia Malinowska"? Or will the Nazis make her into a representative of the "Nordic race"? Those questions were asked by the director for a reason. He preceived war as chaos and perdition, and not as linear history that could be reflected in a plot. Although "Birth Certificate" is saturated with moral content, it does not aim to be a morality play. But with the immense pressure of reality, no varient of fate should be excluded. This approached can be compared wth Krzysztof Kieslowski's "Blind Chance" 25 years later, which pictured dramatic choices of a different era.
The film novella "On the Road" has a very sparing plot, but it drew special attention of the reviewers. The ominating overtone of the war films created by the Polish Film School at that time should be kept in mind. Mainly owing to Wajda, those films dealt with romantic heritage. They were permeated with pathos, bitterness, and irony. Rozewicz is an extraordinary artist. When narrating a story about a boy lost in a war zone, carrying some documents from the regiment office as if they were a treasure, the narrator in "On the Road" discovers rough prose where one should find poetry. And suddenly, the irrational touches this rather tame world. The boy, who until that moment resembled a Polish version of the Good Soldier Schweik, sets off, like Don Quixote, for his first and last battle. A critic described it as "an absurd gesture and someone else could surely use it to criticise the Polish style of dying. ... But the Rozewicz brothers do no accuse: they only compose an elegy for the picturesque peasant-soldier, probably the most important veteran of the Polish war of 1939-1945." "Birth Certificate" is not a lofty statement about national imponderabilia. The film reveals a plebeian perspective which Aleksander Jackieqicz once contrasted with those "lyrical lamentations" inherent in the Kordian tradition. However, a historical overview of Rozewicz's work shows that the distinctive style does not signify a fundamental difference in illustrating the Polish September. Just as the memorable scene from Wajda's "Lotna" was in fact an expression of desperation and distress, the same emotions permeate the final scene of "Birth Certificate". These are not ideological concepts, though once described as such and fervently debated, but rather psychological creations. In this specific case, observes Witold Zalewski, it is not about manifesting knightly pride, but about a gesture of a simple man who does not agree to be enslaved.
The novella "Drop of Blood" is, with Aleksander Ford's "Border Street", one of the first narrations of the fate of the Polish Jews during the Nazi occupation. The story about a girl literally looking for her place on earth has a dramatic dimension. Especially in the age of today's journalistic disputes, often manipulative, lacking in empathy and imbued with bad will, Rozewicz's story from the past shocks with its authenticity. The small herione of the story is the only one who survives a German raid on her family home. Physical survial does not, however, mean a return to normality. Her frightened departure from the rubbish dump that was her hideout lead her to a ruined apartment. Her walk around it is painful because still fresh signs of life are mixed with evidence of annihilation. Help is needed, but Mirka does not know anyone in the outside world. Her subsequent attempts express the state of the fugitive's spirits - from hope and faith, moving to doubt, a sense of oppression, and thickening fear, and finally to despair.
At the same time, the Jewish girl's search for refuge resembles the state of Polish society. The appearance of Mirka results in confusion, and later, trouble. This was already signalled by Rozewicz in an exceptional scene from "Letter from the Camp" in which the boy's neighbour, seeing a fugitive Russian soldier, retreats immediately, admitting that "Now, people worry only about themselves." Such embarassing excuses mask fear. During the occupation, no one feels safe. Neither social status not the aegis of a charity organisation protects against repression. We see the potential guardians of Mirka passing her back and forth among themselves. These are friendly hands but they cannot offer strong support. The story takes place on that thin line between solidarity and heroism. Solidarity arises spontaneously, but only some are capable of heroism. Help for the girl does not always result from compassion; sometimes it is based on past relations and personal ties (a neighbour of the doctor takes in the fugitive for a few days because of past friendship). Rozewicz portrays all of this in a subtle way; even the smallest gesture has significance. Take, for example, the conversation with a stranger on the train: short, as if jotted down on the margin, but so full of tension. And earlier, a peculiar examination of Polishness: the "Holy Father" prayer forced on Mirka by the village boys to check that she is not a Jew. Would not rising to the challenge mean a death sentance?
Viewed after many years, "Birth Certificate" discloses yet another quality that is not present in the works of the Polish School, but is prominent in later B-class war films. This is the picture of everyday life during the war and occupation outlined in the three novellas. It harmonises with the logic of speaking about "life after life". Small heroes of Rozewicz suddenly enter the reality of war, with no experience or scale with which to compare it. For them, the present is a natural extension of and at the same time a complete negation of the past. Consider the sleey small-town marketplace, through which armoured columns will shortly pass. Or meet the German motorcyclists, who look like aliens from outer space - a picture taken from an autopsy because this is how Stanislaw and Taduesz perceived the first Germans they ever met. Note the blurred silhouettes of people against a white wall who are being shot - at first they are shocking, but soon they will probably become a part of the grim landscape. In the city centre stands a prisoner camp on a sodden bog ("People perish likes flies; the bodies are transported during the night"); in the street the childern are running after a coal wagon to collect some precious pieces of fuel. There's a bustle around some food (a boy reproaches his younger brother's actions by singing: "The warrant officer's son is begging in front of the church? I'm going to tell mother!"); and the kitchen, which one evening becomes the proscenium of a real drama. And there are the symbols: a bar of chocolate forced upon a boy by a Wehrmacht soldier ("On the Road"); a pair of shoes belonging to Zbyszek's father which the boy spontaneously gives to a Russian fugitive; a priceless slice of bread, ground under the heel of a policeman in the guter ("Letters from the Camp"). As the director put it: "In every film, I communicate my own vision of the world and of the people. Only then the style follows, the defined way of experiencing things." In Birth Certificate, he adds, his approach was driven by the subject: "I attempted to create not only the texture of the document but also to add some poetic element. I know it is risky but as for the merger of documentation and poety, often hidden very deep, if only it manages to make its way onto the screen, it results in what can referred to as 'art'."
After 1945, there were numerous films created in Europe that dealt with war and children, including "Somewhere in Europe" ("Valahol Europaban", 1947 by Geza Radvanyi), "Shoeshine" ("Sciescia", 1946 by Vittorio de Sica), and "Childhood of Ivan" ("Iwanowo dietstwo" by Andriej Tarkowski). Yet there were fewer than one would expect. Pursuing a subject so imbued with sentimentalism requires stylistic disipline and a special ability to manage child actors. The author of "Birth Certificate" mastered both - and it was not by chance. Stanislaw Rozewicz was always the beneficent spirit of the film milieu; he could unite people around a common goal. He emanated peace and sensitivity, which flowed to his co-workers and pupils. A film, being a group work, necessitates some form of empathy - tuning in with others.
In a biographical documentary about Stanislaw Rozewicz entitled "Walking, Meeting" (1999 by Antoni Krauze), there is a beautiful scene when the director, after a few decades, meets Beata Barszczewska, who plays Mireczka in the novella "Drops of Blood". The woman falls into the arms of the elderly man. They are both moved. He wonders how many years have passed. She answers: "A few years. Not too many." And Rozewicz, with his characteristic smile says: "It is true. We spent this entire time together."
这部与1948年出品的《王子复仇记》同是莎翁的戏剧作品演绎而成的电影，麦克白的悲剧有着更多的宿命论在其中，与哈姆雷特的忧郁、自卑相反，麦克白更为狂妄、自大。
另外，多加一星给摄影。
2021第19部 非常中规中矩，没啥能让我评价的
3.5黑白光影运用，剪辑手法有特色。更多的像一出背叛，复仇的舞台剧。
喜欢这种黑白独幕剧的电影
戏剧改编的优秀范本，一方面抓住戏剧精髓，一方面实现电影自觉。视听语言的震撼，使得该片完全不逊色于舞台现场。
p.s.好的，我们已经看过了黑人演的麦克白，估计不久的将来我们也可以看到黑人演的维纳斯，默罕默德二世，明治天皇和林肯。不知道将来有没有希望看到黑人演的希特勒，白人演的马丁·路德·金，以及同性恋演的耶稣和跨性别者演的J·K·罗琳。
8分吧...画面极致...古英语跟不上是一个问题...没看过原著对理解有一些影响...太讲究构图和台词，少了电影更擅长的特写...另，感觉丹泽尔情绪表达基本靠吼...
这把年纪感觉真的看不了这种文学电影了，艰难看完
麦克白和其夫人看起来极其mentally healthy，半点鬼胎也不怀，整部电影看完怕是能得出黑人因为种族歧视才当不上国王的结论
宛如德莱叶回来拍了部《麦克白》，“先把那房间填满，然后一点一点的去掉”。没想到比15年那版还要极简风。
这也太忠实原著了吧，戏剧化的原著台词、没有扩充的剧情，也没有主题延伸，尽管声音、摄影都不错，但作为电影还是太别扭了吧。原著就是古代那种耳熟能详的最毒妇人心，男人被吹枕边风就变坏的叙事，现在还这么呈现出来就太落后了。
4.现代种族价值的改编，黑人的加入，多了点政治正确。
4.5，极大的利用了早期德国表现主义美学风格，视听和场面调度令人赞叹，特别是一开始三个女巫的亮相简直了！可能都是黑白片的缘故，看的时候老是想到黑泽明的《蜘蛛巢城》，当然这版麦克白的演出整体也都十分精彩。至于表达层面，凭我对麦克白粗浅的了解其实看不太出启用黑人角色在文本内涵上的新意，一刷纯粹算是享受视听和表演了
无继承人的国王登上王位，女巫是深层欲望的投影，血与毁灭将降临大地，乌鸦已群飞遮蔽天空
这光影的反差，不知为何很有张艺谋+纪念碑谷的感觉，尤其是飞出屏幕的大乌鸦……分镜也很厉害啊，云雾中的换景非常巧妙。最让人惊喜的是打戏，舞台剧居然也能做得拳拳到肉。就最终的呈现效果而言，称得上古典文学与现代工业相结合的最优解之一，希望能照着这个质量，将莎翁的全套作品翻拍一遍。PS：感觉我们的京剧电影也可以学习一下啊。PPS：因为这部电影认识了丹泽尔华盛顿，很庆幸。
看过越多西方人翻拍的莎士比亚，就越觉得黑泽明的伟大
此处的黑白影像让我想到芬奇的《曼克》，太过于清晰了，以至于所谓的复古不过是套层滤镜，虽然实际处理肯定复杂多了。但这个经典到现在以至于“陈旧”的剧本，完全没有迸发出一点儿新鲜的气质。我越看越觉得，奥逊版好啊，黑泽版也好啊，你这科恩版我咋评价啊？当然你一部《麦克白》影视作品当然可以看科恩版，只是与我过高的预期相比，我看到的这装旧酒的瓶子也不咋新，还故意做了个复古包装。
人文精神的崛起——莎士比亚四大悲剧之麦克白，麦克白反而更像古希腊的命运悲剧，少了像哈姆雷特的主体意识，在故事里，一切皆按女巫口中的预言运行（命运），不同于命运悲剧的是，预言先行，人受预言影响，激发出人物动机。台词极为出彩，并没改动太多原作。
一星给影像，一星给台词，一星给表演，是a24专属电影了。
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